Genetics or Environment?

April 5, 2009

I sold showpigs to 4-H and FFA students this past week.  Showing swine is near and dear to me as I probably wouldn’t be farming today if it weren’t for showing swine.  Striving to improve on my placing at the Lafayette County Fair caused me to begin my life-long study of genetics and improvement of livestock through selection.  Check out “How I Became a Swine Seedstock Supplier.”

Our swine show is an excellent learning opportunity.  Showpigs are weighed and identified in April.  The maximum weight was 88 lbs. on Saturday. 

The students then have the responsibility of caring for the swine until the show in July.  After the show, each student is allowed to sell one showpig in the livestock auction.  Local businesses support the students by purchasing a pig or other species of livestock.  Prices are usually above market price so the students are almost guaranteed to make money on their livestock project.  Students are also required to keep production and financial records on their livestock project.  Students learn responsibility, accounting, and marketing skills all in one fun project.

Not everyone is successful, however.  There is a minimum weight, (220 lbs.), to sell in the livestock auction.  This requires an average daily gain of about 1.5 lbs per day, (170 lbs. of gain in 113 days).  This is not difficult to accomplish with today’s swine.  However, to achieve this average daily gain, a pig needs clean feed and water, shelter, shade, and a way to cool off, (sprinkler or wallow), when it gets hot.  If a student fails to provide these ingredients every day, he/she may find his/her pig is too light to sell at the auction.  Another great learning experience.

One family had never purchased from me before.  I helped them deliberate whether a smaller pig, (46 lbs.), would be big enough by fair-time.  They asked me how well my pigs gain weight.  I told them average because I was more interested in what their pigs have weighed at the fair in the past.  I asked this because it’s been my experience that families tend to have similar experiences from year to year even though the pigs are different.  Some families always bring 300 lb. pigs to the fair.  Other families always struggle to make the minimum weight.

This is easily explained because average daily gain is only moderately heritable.  Heritability is expressed from 0 to 1 with 0 being not heritable and 1 being completely heritable.  Average daily gain in swine is about .3.  This means that 30% of the variation in average daily gain is due to genetics. 

What causes the other 70%?  Environment!  That explains why the people managing the pigs are a much greater factor than the genetics of the pigs.

The family decided to take the smaller showpig.  I will let you know how they did after the fair in July.

What are you blaming genetics for?  Could your environment be a greater factor?


Thinking in Odors

April 1, 2009

Most people think in words.  Temple Grandin, a highly influential animal scientist, thinks in pictures. Ms. Grandin believes this makes her more attuned to the way animals think.  She has used this gift to improve the lives of countless animals.  

I, however, think like a dog.  I think in odors.  For example, the numeral one is warm milk, the letter A is baby poop, sister is chocolate pudding. 

School was difficult.  I was labeled an under-achiever.  It takes longer for me to “get” something.  Once I have it though, I never lose it.  I attribute this to the primitive area of the brain where an odor/memory is located, the olfactory cortex.

Objects which have a strong odor are usually associated with their own odor.  The odor could also have a different meaning.  For example, onion is onion; but onion is also sorrow.

Abstract concepts are extremely difficult.  This is what one through ten looks like for me:  one: warm milk, two: baby shampoo, three: cat poop, four: talcum powder, five: chocolate, six: lemon, seven: coffee, eight: banana, nine: gasoline, ten: wet dog. 

After ten, odors go together.  For example sixteen is wet dog and lemon.  I’m only able to approximate as the numbers go higher.  I’m approaching my fortieth birthday and that represents quadruple wet dog for me, but it is almost indistinguishable from thirty or fifty.

Remembering people is strange as well.  If I want to remember someone I have never met, I need to manufacture an odor memory to associate with them.  It’s similar to the visual mnemonic tricks I have heard people use.

If I am meeting you for the first time you may accuse me of being a close talker.  This is because I am trying to pinpoint an odor to remember you by.  Once that odor is established in my olfactory cortex, it will always be with me.

Ex-girlfriends conjure up particularly strong odor/memories.  My first girlfriend: cotton candy.  My last girlfriend: vinegar.  I never told her that vinegar represents her.  How do you tell someone that?  I think she is reading my blog, so now she knows.  Sorry P.

I haven’t been able to use this gift/curse for anything positive like Ms. Grandin has.  New research has shown that dogs can sometimes detect cancer.  The most I have accomplished is recognizing gastrointestinal distress.

If you or someone april you know is also an odor/thinker, please fools comment.  Thank you.


2008 US Farm Bill

March 29, 2009

“The unintended consequences of a government program are usually greater than the intended consequences.”  Unknown origin.

Have you ever wondered what the US Farm Bill looks like to an individual farmer?  We signed up our farm for the 2009 growing season.  I wanted to get on my high-horse and opt-out; but my parents talked me into taking the “free” government money.  When I hear farmers griping about “welfare moms” taking government hand-outs I can usually change the conversation with a simple question.  “How much is your government payment?”

The 2008 Farm Bill is on the books.  It covers the 2009 through 2012 growing seasons.  According to the “Wisconsin Agriculturist”, the 2008 Farm Bill works out to $189 billion for domestic nutrition programs and $102 billion direct support for farmers.  The direct farmer support can be further broken down into $42 billion for commodity crops, $24 billion for conservation, $22 billion for crop insurance, and $14 billion for supplemental disaster assistance, trade, horticulture and livestock production, rural development, research, forestry, energy, and other programs.

With $10 billion in offsets from tax provisions the direct farmer support is reduced to $92 billion, or about $18.4 billion per year.  That works out to about $60 for every American.  What are you getting for your $60?

An excellent informational resource is 2008 Farm Bill Side-by-Side.

Eligible commodities are wheat, corn, grain sorghum, barley, oats, upland cotton, rice, peanuts, soybeans, other oilseeds, and pulse crops.  Payment rates are found in the previous link.

What entitles a farmer to receive a direct government payment?  Eligible producers share in the risk of producing a crop on base acres on a farm enrolled in DCP; annually report the use of the farm’s cropland acreage; comply with conservation and wetland protection requirements on all of their land; comply with planting flexibility requirements; use the base acres for agricultural or related activities; and protect all base acres from erosion, including providing sufficient cover as determined necessary by the county Farm Service Agency committee, and control weeds.

That all sounds great, except I know of no farmer that has had their farm checked for these provisions. 

Our direct government payment for 2009 is $3,552.  How is this determined?

The direct government payment is based on the historical production of a farm.  This is an average record of the various crops and acres planted to each crop.   The USDA refers to this as “base acres”. 

The base acres are then multiplied by 83.3% to get your payment acres.  This has been reduced from 85% in the previous farm bill.

Your payment acres are then multiplied by the historical county yield to calculate yield per acre in bushels.

Bushels are then multiplied by the payment rate to determine the direct annual payment in dollars.

Here is what our farm looks like:

Commodity Base Acres Payment Ac. Yield Pay rate Direct pay
Corn 130.6 108.8 112 $.28 $3412
Barley 10.7 8.9 55 $.24 $ 117
Oats 18.2 15.2 62 $.024 $  23

The strange thing about this is we don’t have to grow these crops to receive the payment.  All we have to do is own or rent the base acres.  Farmers look at the expected government payment when valuing land.  An unintended consequence of the US Farm Bill is raising the value of farmland. 

Another strange thing is the pay rate.  This seems to be based on the strength of commodity lobbyists.  Look at barley and oats.  On our farm these two crops are managed the same.  Their effect on the soil is virtually the same.  Why is their payment rate so different?  The only reason I can guess is that the barley lobby is more powerful than the oat lobby.

We have over 100 acres of hay.  Why isn’t there a payment for this commodity?

The strangest thing of all is we don’t know why we receive this money.  We are long-term stewards of the land.  We don’t do anything differently based on the government program.  All it costs us is a couple hours of paperwork.

The most recent statistic I saw was from 2002.  Only one third of farms received a government payment.  Most of the farms that received a government payment received substantially more than $3500.  If anyone knows of more recent statistics, please comment.


Meat Diet-Side Effect

March 26, 2009

I went to the Dentist today to check out the calculus deposits that have sprung out of nowhere while on the meat diet.

“I have never seen this much tartar deposits in the crevices of the teeth!”  Is what the dentist told me.  He has been practicing for over ten years.

What is going on?  One other person mentioned how she noticed more calculus while on a carb-restricted diet.  Has this happened to anyone else?

I am going to question Dr. Eades of Protein Power and Mark Sisson of Mark’s Daily Apple.  I will post any response I receive.


Contest Results

March 22, 2009

I am happy to announce the winners of the Contest.  They will be receiving a Curiousfarmer meat sampler package.  Eat the contents of this package and similar foods for six weeks.  Your cholesterol is guaranteed to double.

Total Cholesterol:  433.  Rebecca predicted 262

HDL, good cholesterol:  106.  Adam predicted 90

LDL, bad cholesterol:  318.  Elvis predicted 180

Triglycerides:  44.  Jane predicted 48

Uric acid:  4.7.  Ray predicted 4.9

BUN:  25.  Dr. Solverson predicted 24

Creatinine:  .98  Jane predicted .98

Congratulations to the winners.  You will be receiving an email so I can get your mailing address to send you the meat.

One other test result which I hadn’t listed is Glucose.  The value at the start was 85.  The value at the end was 112.  Does anyone have any thoughts on this?  I appreciate your thoughtful comments.  Thank you.


Meat Diet: Test Results

March 17, 2009

matt-cropped

I want an open-casket wake because as Billy Crystal used to say, “I look mahvelous!”   My cholesterol went through the roof.  I haven’t had a chance to talk to my Dr. yet to see how serious the situation is.  I feel great.  Weigh in with your opinions.  Am I healthy, or knockin’ on heaven’s door?

Total Cholesterol:  225 start to 433

HDL good Cholesterol:  76 start to 106

LDL bad Cholesterol:  140 start to 318

Triglycerides:  43 start to 44

Uric acid:  3.9 start to 4.7

BUN:  14 start to 25

Creatinine:  .89 start to .98

I need time to digest these numbers before I write a conclusion to the meat diet. I will also post the winners of the contest by this weekend.  I am going on a short vacation.  Peace.  Matthew


Meat Diet: Observations

March 16, 2009

Can a person survive on meat and eggs for six weeks?  Yes!  The “meat diet” is finished.  Thank you for your interest and encouragement. 

I will be fasting tonight, drawing blood tomorrow morning, and posting the results by Tuesday evening if all goes as planned.

Until then, here are my observations:

Diet:  Red meat, chicken, fish, eggs, coffee, tea, water.  This is a high fat/saturated fat, moderate protein, very low to no carb diet.

Age:  39 years.

Weight lost:  15 lbs. 166 lbs. beginning weight, 151 lbs. ending weight.   After initial 5 lbs. water loss in first two days, lost about 1.5 lbs. per week.  Weights are taken first thing in the morning.

Body fat at 153 lbs.:  15.6% body fat. 

Circumference measurements at 153 lbs.:  upper arm 12.25″, chest 34.5″, hip 36.25″, abdominal 32.5″, thigh 20″.

Food:  Most cooked on “George Foreman grill.”  No condiments used so as to avoid carbs.

Hunger:  Nothing excessive, less than usual.  Craved variety.  Enjoyed organ meats for the first time in my life.  Ate meat more rare.  Began eating the external fat on steaks.  Had difficulty eating lean meat such as chicken breast.

Amount eaten:  Ate until I was full, but, important to note, I always felt I could have eaten carbs with my meal and would have taken dessert if I could have.

Bowel function:  Less regular, 5 times per week, very dark, never constipated, loose stool 4 times over the six weeks.

Teeth:  More calculus formation.  Bacteria in mouth must have changed.  I brush 3 times per day.

Allergies:  Less, clearer nasal passages.

Exercise:  Walking, farming, played basketball twice.

Energy:  More even, always had enough.

Emotions:  More even.

Mental function:  No change noted.  Writing more than ever.

I plan to introduce carbs back into my diet slowly beginning tomorrow.  I will start a new diet journal to document the amount of carbs eaten and corresponding weight change.

If my blood work is not extremely negative I will stay on a modified version of this diet for the next year and will retest my blood February 2010, God willing.


Backyard Food

March 12, 2009

Do you have a backyard?  Do you do anything with it besides maintain a lawn?  Home-gardening is increasing.  It is rewarding to grow your own food.  Have you ever thought about growing something that moves?

A young guy and his mom visited me yesterday.  They live near Madison on a small acreage.   They are interested in starting pig production.  I envy them for how much fun they are about to have.  There is nothing quite like beginning animal husbandry.

They plan to buy three feeder pigs in May and butcher them in November.  They will be backyard pig-raising experts by December. 

The increased level of serotonin in their brains from this accelerated learning and human-animal interaction will cause them to remember 2009 as a great year.  The year of the PIG.

I am excited by anyone willing to grow their own food.  There is a back-to-the-land movement.  Sometimes it’s happening inside city limits.  Madison passed an ordinance allowing people to keep a backyard flock of chickens.  The people responsible for this even have their own organization, “Mad City Chickens.”

Are you expanding your backyard food production?  Is 2009 the year you start?


Grass-Finished Beef: Closer Than You Think

March 10, 2009

Are you having a difficult time finding grass-finished beef?  Are you a producer, unsure of how to produce grass-finished beef?  There is a good chance you have seen excellent-quality grass-finished beef but were unable to recognize it.  A shift in your paradigm will open your eyes to the grass-finished beef all around you.

Spring, 2007

“Would you sell us some feeder steers?”  Carrie asked me over the phone. 

The wheels were spinning in my head.  I had known Carrie and Eric for a few years.  I had visited their beautiful farm to look at their Scottish Highland cattle.  Carrie and Eric direct-market in the Madison area.  I had tremendous respect for their abilities because I had been trying to direct-market also.

“Yes, but what about your Highlands?” I asked.

“We need to expand and we want a faster-growing breed.  We thought of your Red Angus cattle first.”  Carrie answered.

“Great, I would be happy to sell you guys some feeder steers.  But they won’t be weaned until fall.  Why don’t you come over and I’ll show you the cattle and we can talk.” 

I was already formulating a plan in my head and I wanted to give my sales pitch in person.  This could be my opportunity to break into direct-marketing in a big way.  I also knew they were limited by the size of their farm and might be receptive to a partnership.

I took them for a jeep ride around the farm.  We looked at the cows with calves.  We walked into the heifer pasture and the curious cattle formed a semi-circle around us.  One of the heifers licked Carrie’s arm.  Now was the time to make my pitch.

I asked Carrie and Eric about their goals and dreams.  I listened.

Finally, Carrie turned to me and asked, “What do you want?”

“I want a connection to the consumer.  I want to know the people eating the excellent meat this farm produces.  I want to direct-market.  But I need a partner to help me and I think I’ve found a couple who could.”

Carrie stammered, “You found another couple, or do you mean us?”

“You guys,” I said. 

We laughed.  I suspect they had been thinking the same thing.

We sat around my kitchen table drinking wine and talking details.  We could go the traditional route and butcher steers 18-24 months old.  This plan put us 18 months away from grass-finished beef.  Momentum killer. 

Luckily, I had just read “Grassfed to Finish,” by Allan Nation.  In the chapter titled, “Turning Cull Cows into Gourmet Products,” Allan details how much of the world values beef from older animals.

“Paris native, Jerome Chateau, said the wide-spread American belief that meat from older animals has to be tough strikes most Frenchmen as incredibly naïve.  In fact, given the choice-as they are-the extremely picky French actually prefer their beef to be from older animals.”

“The meat cutter said he considered the best flavored meat to be from a five-to nine-year-old cow.  The older cows marble easily and are considered by the French to be in the prime of their life.”

“A five-year-old cow is like a 36-year-old woman.  She is at the peak of her beauty,” he said.”

I asked Carrie and Eric if they would be willing to try older beef.  I had a couple of four-year-old cows that had lost their calves in a freak April blizzard.  They were fattening quickly on our lush spring pastures.

Carrie and Eric were game.  We agreed that we should look at the carcasses and cut out one steak for a taste test.

The cows were butchered and the carcasses were dry-aged for two weeks.  Beef becomes more tender the longer it ages before it is cut up. 

Eric and I met at the butcher.  The carcasses looked good.  The butcher cut a steak out of each carcass.  Color and tenderness seemed fine.  The meat was marbled with enough fat to correspond to high select or low choice.  I was becoming more optimistic.

That night Carrie grilled the steaks medium-rare.  We each cut off a sample.  Chewed, smiled, clinked our wine glasses, delicious! 

Since then, we have butchered probably 30 cows along with many younger animals.  We still try a steak from every cow.  We had one eight-year-old cow that we deemed was too tough.  We made her entire carcass into hamburger.

We have not had a complaint on our grass-finished beef.  Chefs and other knowledgeable consumers have raved about our beef, especially the older beef.  It has a fuller flavor than the younger beef. 

The picture on my For Sale page is a great example of the type of cow that works for grass-finished beef.  Notice how fat she is.  All her angles are smoothed out with fat.  Her hips and ribs are covered with fat.

If you see a cow on pasture that looks like that, grass-finished beef may be closer than you think.


Looking for Feedback

March 6, 2009

*New picture of my cattle on the For Sale page.

Thank you for your interest in the meat diet.  The meat diet will finish March 15.  I will take a blood test March 16.  I should have the results up by March 18.

I started the meat diet to satisfy my own curiosity.  Until I started connecting with others through the internet, I knew of no other person that had read “Good Calories, Bad Calories.”

I realize now, that I am not a lone wolf.  I have found excellent nutrition and lifestyle blogs:  Mark’s Daily Apple, Hyperlipid, Protein Power.

The original intention of this blog, though, was to “connect people with farmers.”  My thought is that people are longing for a greater connection with their food and farmers.  In the not-so-distant past nearly everyone was a farmer.  Then, everyone grew up on a farm.  Then, everyone’s grandparents had a farm.  Now, most have lost that connection.  This is probably part of the reason that farmer’s markets have been increasing.

So, I am looking for feedback.  You may have came here for the meat diet.  Did you find anything else interesting or useful?  Do you want a greater connection to food and farming?  What are you curious about?  Would you like to see more pictures or video?

Some post ideas I have, include:  US farm program, genetics-bull buying, Hispanic farm workers, hay sale, nutrient content of manure, nutrient removal by crops, breeding chickens, cattle sale, pork carcass, heritage breeds, GM corn, spring planting, spring calving, our chores, backyard chicken production, getting started with pig production.

Thank you for your feedback.

Matthew